Sains Malaysiana 52(9)(2023): 2513-2528

http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2023-5209-04

17 Years of Coastline Changes Observation in the Northern Part of Rupat Island using Landsat 7 ETM + Time Series Imagery (2000-2017); A Case Study of the Country’s Border between Indonesia - Malaysia

(Pemerhatian Perubahan Garis Pantai 17 Tahun di Bahagian Utara Pulau Rupat menggunakan Landsat 7 ETM + Imej Siri Masa (2000-2017); Suatu Kajian Kes Sempadan Negara antara Indonesia - Malaysia)

HUSNUL KAUSARIAN^1,*, AHMAD RIFAI BATUBARA², PUJI ASTUTI², JOSAPHAT TETUKO SRI SUMANTYO^3,4 & MUHAMMAD ZAINUDDIN LUBIS⁵

¹Geological Engineering Program, Universitas Islam Riau, Pekanbaru, Indonesia

²Urban and Regional Planning Program, Universitas Islam Riau, Pekanbaru, Indonesia

³Center for Environmental Remote Sensing, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan

⁴Department of Electrical Engineering, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia

⁵Department of Geomatics Engineering, Politeknik Negeri Batam, Batam, Indonesia

Received: 17 December 2022/Accepted: 14 August 2023

Abstract

Rupat Island is the outermost part of Indonesia which borders Malaysia. This island is part of Bengkalis Regency, Riau Province, located at 02° 4.911'N-101° 27,191'E. This study uses primary data from field observations and secondary data in Landsat 7ETM+ Time Series image data and other supporting data. The descriptive method is carried out in the form of geological interpretation in the field, determination of validation points and then analysis using GIS/visual interpretation to obtain shoreline changes that occurred in the northern part of Rupat Island from the year 2000 to 2017. Additional data used were sea current and pattern and wind direction and speed. Validation points are used to obtain detailed calculations related to this coastline change: Tanjung Api area to Teluk Rhu and Tanjung Lapin get the measurement results experienced the most accretion occurred in 2013 was 167.21 m, and the most abrasion in 2016 was 72.77 m. The biggest change occurred in 2013 when the accretion occurred at 375.5 Ha, and the most abrasion occurred in 2014 at 50.63 Ha. Meanwhile, for shoreline changes, the minimum annual coastline length in 2004 was 19.04 km, and the normal coastline length in 2015 was 28.26 km. The maximum length of the coastline occurred in 2013 was 36.53 km.

Keywords: Abrasion; accretion; border of Indonesia - Malaysia; geological mapping; coastline changes; Landsat 7 ETM

Abstrak

Pulau Rupat adalah bahagian paling luar Indonesia yang bersempadan dengan Malaysia. Pulau ini merupakan sebahagian daripada Kabupaten Bengkalis, Wilayah Riau, terletak pada 02° 4.911'N-101° 27,191'E. Kajian ini menggunakan data primer daripada pemerhatian lapangan dan data sekunderdaripada data imej Landsat 7 ETM + Siri Masa dan data sokongan lain. Kaedah deskriptif dijalankan dalam bentuk interpretasi geologi di lapangan, penentuan titik pengesahan dan seterusnya analisis menggunakan GIS/interpretasi visual untuk mendapatkan perubahan garis pantai yang berlaku di bahagian utara Pulau Rupat dari tahun 2000 hingga 2017. Data tambahan yang digunakan ialah arus dan corak laut serta arah dan kelajuan angin. Titik pengesahan digunakan untuk mendapatkan pengiraan terperinci berkaitan perubahan garis pantai ini: Kawasan Tanjung Api ke Teluk Rhu dan Tanjung Lapin mendapat hasil pengukuran yang mengalami penambahan paling banyak, berlaku pada tahun 2013 ialah 167.21 m, dan lelasan paling banyak pada tahun 2016 iaitu 72.77 m. Perubahan terbesar berlaku pada tahun 2013 apabila pertambahan berlaku pada 375.5 ha dan lelasan paling banyak berlaku pada tahun 2014 iaitu 50.63 ha. Manakala bagi perubahan garis pantai, panjang garis pantai tahunan minimum pada tahun 2004 ialah 19.04 km dan panjang garis pantai biasa pada tahun 2015 ialah 28.26 km. Panjang maksimum garis pantai yang berlaku pada tahun 2013 ialah 36.53 km.

Kata kunci: Landsat 7 ETM; lelasan; pemetaan geologi; pertambahan; perubahan garis pantai; Sempadan Indonesia – Malaysia

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*Corresponding author; email: husnulkausarian@eng.uir.ac.id